- Written
- Probably southern Gaul, late fifth or sixth century
- Language
- Latin
- Length
- About 40 verses, in two parts
- Used by
- Lutheran and Reformed confessions, the Anglican Book of Common Prayer
What is the Athanasian Creed?
The Athanasian Creed has two parts. The first part teaches one God in three persons: "the Father is God, the Son is God, and the Holy Ghost is God. And yet they are not three Gods, but one God." The second part teaches that Christ is one person, fully God and fully man.
The Reformers kept it. The Book of Concord names it one of the three ecumenical creeds. The Belgic Confession (Article 9) also receives it.
History
Athanasius, the bishop of Alexandria who fought Arius, did not write this creed. It is in Latin, and it uses words from later debates. Most scholars think that it comes from southern Gaul between about AD 430 and 550.
The creed got its name because it teaches what Athanasius defended. Churches in the West used it in worship through the Middle Ages.
What it teaches
The Trinity
We worship one God in Trinity, and Trinity in Unity, without confusion of the persons or division of the substance.
The Incarnation
Christ is God and man, one person. He suffered for our salvation, rose again and will come to judge.
How to memorise the Athanasian Creed
Hearers breaks each answer into clauses and teaches each clause in four steps.
01
Read
Read the text with the clauses marked. Listen to it read aloud.
02
Trace
Type the first letter of each word, with the words shown faintly.
03
Fade
Half of the words go. Type the text again, and fill the gaps from memory.
04
Recall
All the words go. Type it or say it aloud. Each clause gets its own grade and its own review date.
The full text
Whosoever will be saved, before all things it is necessary that he hold the catholic faith. Which faith unless every one do keep whole and undefiled, without doubt he shall perish everlastingly.
And the catholic faith is this: that we worship one God in Trinity, and Trinity in Unity; neither confounding the Persons, nor dividing the Essence.
For there is one Person of the Father; another of the Son; and another of the Holy Ghost.
But the Godhead of the Father, of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost, is all one; the Glory equal, the Majesty coeternal. Such as the Father is; such is the Son; and such is the Holy Ghost.
The Father uncreated; the Son uncreated; and the Holy Ghost uncreated. The Father unlimited; the Son unlimited; and the Holy Ghost unlimited. The Father eternal; the Son eternal; and the Holy Ghost eternal.
And yet they are not three eternals; but one eternal. As also there are not three uncreated; nor three infinites, but one uncreated; and one infinite. So likewise the Father is Almighty; the Son Almighty; and the Holy Ghost Almighty.
And yet they are not three Almighties; but one Almighty. So the Father is God; the Son is God; and the Holy Ghost is God. And yet they are not three Gods; but one God.
So likewise the Father is Lord; the Son Lord; and the Holy Ghost Lord. And yet not three Lords; but one Lord.
For like as we are compelled by the Christian verity; to acknowledge every Person by himself to be God and Lord; So are we forbidden by the catholic religion; to say, There are three Gods, or three Lords.
§10
Learn thisThe Father is made of none; neither created, nor begotten. The Son is of the Father alone; not made, nor created; but begotten.
§11
Learn thisThe Holy Ghost is of the Father and of the Son; neither made, nor created, nor begotten; but proceeding. So there is one Father, not three Fathers; one Son, not three Sons; one Holy Ghost, not three Holy Ghosts.
§12
Learn thisAnd in this Trinity none is before, or after another; none is greater, or less than another. But the whole three Persons are coeternal, and coequal.
§13
Learn thisSo that in all things, as aforesaid; the Unity in Trinity, and the Trinity in Unity, is to be worshipped. He therefore that will be saved, let him thus think of the Trinity.
§14
Learn thisFurthermore it is necessary to everlasting salvation; that he also believe faithfully the Incarnation of our Lord Jesus Christ.
§15
Learn thisFor the right Faith is, that we believe and confess; that our Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of God, is God and Man;
§16
Learn thisGod, of the Essence of the Father; begotten before the worlds; and Man, of the Essence of his Mother, born in the world. Perfect God; and perfect Man, of a reasonable soul and human flesh subsisting.
§17
Learn thisEqual to the Father, as touching his Godhead; and inferior to the Father as touching his Manhood. Who although he is God and Man; yet he is not two, but one Christ.
§18
Learn thisOne; not by conversion of the Godhead into flesh; but by assumption of the Manhood by God. One altogether; not by confusion of Essence; but by unity of Person.
§19
Learn thisFor as the reasonable soul and flesh is one man; so God and Man is one Christ; Who suffered for our salvation; descended into hell; rose again the third day from the dead.
§20
Learn thisHe ascended into heaven, he sitteth on the right hand of the God the Father Almighty, from whence he will come to judge the living and the dead. At whose coming all men will rise again with their bodies;
§21
Learn thisAnd shall give account for their own works. And they that have done good shall go into life everlasting; and they that have done evil, into everlasting fire.
§22
Learn thisThis is the catholic faith; which except a man believe truly and firmly, he cannot be saved.
Source: Creeds.json (NonlinearFruit) (Public domain).
Questions
- Did Athanasius write the Athanasian Creed?
- No. It is a Latin text from about a century after his death. It has his name because it teaches the doctrine that he defended.
- Why is the Athanasian Creed hard to memorise?
- It is long, and many lines are almost the same. Hearers teaches it in small parts, and it gives each part its own review schedule.